Construction of Icons

Construction of Icons

In the Agamas and Silpa Śāstras (canons of architecture) there are dhyāna ślokas (visualizations) which are given; describing the exact features of the particular Deity and the paraphernalia in great detail for the purpose of meditation. It is according to these dhyāna ślokas that the icons are constructed.

Certain proportions having symbolic significance, are essential features of icons as well as of temple architecture. The image is made in strict conformity to the original canonical texts and concentration and visualization is extremely important. Any omission, error or oversight is attributed to imperfect concentration and slacking of attention, in this case the image is discarded and the process is deferred.

The Agamas insist on the necessity of making the icon as beautiful as possible but actually even an ill-shaped image made strictly according to the Agamic directions serves the same purpose as a very artistic and beautifully executed one.

The construction is always begun upon a date set according to astrology, being an auspicious day and in harmony with the nature of the deity. The Silpi or craftsman is expected to maintain his ritual purity during the process of construction and there are several disciplines which he has to undertake until the completion of the task.

Materials of Construction:

kṛtvā pratinidhiṃ samyag dāru loha śilādibhiḥ |

tat sthāpayitvā māṃ sthāne śāstra dṛṣena vartmanā ||

 Padma Saṁhitā Kriya Pāda 1;5

According to the Agamas, icons can be constructed of stone, wood, metal, clay, kadi-sarkara — a kind of cement, precious stones or painted on cloth. Those made in metal are usually sculptured in wax form and then cast in metal.